Everything about Aelia Capitolina totally explained
Aelia Capitolina (
Latin in full:
Colonia Aelia Capitolina) was a city built by the emperor
Hadrian in the year
131, and occupied by a
Roman colony, on the site of
Jerusalem, which was in ruins when he visited his dominion known as
Syria Palæstina.
"Aelia" came from Hadrian's
nomen gentile,
Aelius, while "Capitolina" meant that the new city was dedicated to
Jupiter Capitolinus, to whom a temple was built on the site of the
Jewish temple. The establishment of
Aelia Capitolina resulted in the failed
Bar Kokhba's revolt of
132-
135. Jews were forbidden to live in the city. Roman enforcement of this prohibition continued through the fourth century. The city was without walls, protected by a light garrison of the
Tenth Legion, during the Late Roman Period. The detachment at
Jerusalem, which apparently encamped all over the city’s western hill, was responsible for preventing
Jews from returning to the city.
The urban plan of Aelia Capitolina was that of a typical
Roman town wherein main thoroughfares crisscrossed the
urban grid lengthwise and widthwise.
The original thoroughfare, flanked by rows of columns and shops, was about 73
feet (22
meters) wide (roughly the equivalent of a present-day six lane highway). The Hadrianic
Cardo Maximus of Aelia terminated somewhere in the area of the present David Street.
The Latin name "Aelia" is the source of the Arabic term Iliya (إلياء), an early Islamic name for Jerusalem.
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